Abstract: With the rapid development of China's wind power industry, the installed capacity of wind farms continues to expand, and the proportion of equipment operation and maintenance costs in the total lifecycle costs of power stations has been increasing year by year, becoming a key factor affecting the economic efficiency and sustainable development of wind farms. This study systematically examines the economic efficiency of wind farm operation and maintenance, reviews the theoretical foundations related to operation and maintenance, and analyzes the core influencing factors and mechanisms of operational economic efficiency from three dimensions: technology, management, and environment. By comparing the economic differences among wind farms in different regions, varying scales, lifecycle stages, and operational models, the study identifies shortcomings in the current operation and maintenance system and proposes three cost-reduction and efficiency-improvement strategies: operational strategy transformation, intelligent technology empowerment, and management system optimization. The research findings can provide references for improving the quality and efficiency of wind farm operation and maintenance, as well as for refined cost management, thereby supporting the high-quality development of the wind power industry.