Abstract: To address the issues of high energy consumption and insufficient efficiency in the operation of steam turbines in thermal power plants, this study focuses on a 300 MW coal-fired power unit. It analyzes three core influencing mechanisms: aerodynamic losses in the flow path, steam seal leakage, and steam parameter deviations. Based on this analysis, an optimization plan is proposed, including flow path optimization, the adoption of new steam seal designs, and precise parameter regulation. The results demonstrate that these technologies can effectively improve turbine efficiency, reduce coal consumption and plant electricity usage, ensure stable and reliable equipment operation, and provide practical references for thermal power energy-saving retrofits.